Hidden Employment Crisis Reveals Tariff Paradox
Jobs Paradox
Despite tariffs meant to protect jobs, Cleveland-Cliffs laid off 1,200+ workers as higher steel costs dampened demand.
Despite the protective tariffs designed to boost American steel jobs, Cleveland-Cliffs has laid off more than 1,200 workers as higher import barriers paradoxically reduced demand in key sectors. The employment cuts expose a fundamental flaw in the tariff strategy—while domestic producers can charge higher prices, those increased costs are being passed through to industries like automotive and construction, dampening overall steel consumption.
Meanwhile, Nucor's latest guidance shows the harsh reality behind the stock rallies, with the company expecting Q1 2025 steel mill earnings to perform similarly to Q4 2024, when earnings fell 71% year over year. The disconnect between soaring stock prices and deteriorating fundamentals suggests the market may have gotten ahead of itself.
The Pricing Power That Sparked the Rally
Price Surge
Steel prices jumped from $725 to $875 per metric ton—a 21% increase that justified the explosive stock rally.
The initial tariff increase did deliver the pricing power steel companies desperately needed, with benchmark steel prices surging from $725 per metric ton before Trump took office to $875 per metric ton—a 21% increase that justified the sector's explosive rally. The pricing gap between U.S. and foreign steel became even more pronounced, with American steel costing $984 per metric ton compared to just $690 in Europe and $392 in China as of March 2025.
However, this pricing advantage is now under threat as potential Mexico deal negotiations reveal how quickly the protective tariff structure could unravel. The United States produces about three times more steel than it imports, which should position domestic companies to benefit—but only if the trade protection remains intact.
Cleveland-Cliffs: High Leverage, High Risk, High Reward
Leverage Play
Cleveland-Cliffs' higher debt levels make it the most sensitive to steel price movements—both up and down.
Cleveland-Cliffs' dramatic swings—from a 22% surge on the tariff announcement to a 6.5% crash on Mexico deal rumors—perfectly illustrate why sophisticated investors are both attracted to and wary of this high-leverage play. According to analysts at Jefferies, Cleveland-Cliffs is more highly leveraged than other steel companies, meaning its stock price is disproportionately affected by both positive and negative steel price movements.
The company's recent struggles include laying off over 1,200 workers and posting a net loss of $230 million in Q3, compared to a $275 million profit in the same quarter of 2023. However, this leverage dynamic also means Cleveland-Cliffs could deliver outsized returns if the tariff protection holds—making it the ultimate barometer for the sector's future direction.
The Nippon Steel Wild Card Changes Everything
$14B Investment
The U.S. Steel-Nippon partnership represents the largest foreign industrial investment in U.S. steel infrastructure in decades.
The U.S. Steel-Nippon partnership adds a crucial strategic element to the tariff story, creating what Trump described as a "blockbuster agreement" that ensures the iconic American company "stays an American company." The deal includes U.S. government "golden share" veto power over board appointments, an American CEO, and a majority American board.
With promises of no layoffs and $5,000 bonuses for steelworkers, plus billions in facility upgrades across Pennsylvania, Indiana, Alabama, Arkansas, and Minnesota, the partnership represents the largest foreign industrial investment in U.S. steel infrastructure in decades.
Global Retaliation Risks Could Create Volatility
Trade War Risk
Europe is "prepared to impose countermeasures," while Australia called the tariffs "unjustified."
The aggressive tariff increase has already prompted stern warnings from international partners, with the European Commission stating that Europe is "prepared to impose countermeasures" and calling the decision one that "adds further uncertainty to the global economy." Australia's Trade Minister condemned the move as "unjustified and not the act of a friend."
However, these retaliation threats may be limited by the ongoing 90-day tariff pause that began in April, as the administration seeks broader trade deals that could potentially modify the steel tariff structure.
What This Could Mean for Investors
30-Day Window
The Mexico negotiations could determine the sector's fate within the next 30 days—making timing critical.
The steel sector now presents a high-stakes binary outcome that could generate explosive returns or devastating losses depending on how the Mexico negotiations unfold over the next 30 days. The most astute investors recognize this isn't just about steel tariffs anymore—it's about identifying companies with the operational flexibility and financial strength to survive potential policy reversals while maintaining upside exposure if protection remains.
The recent 6.5% Cleveland-Cliffs crash demonstrates how quickly sentiment can shift, creating both danger and opportunity for those who understand the leverage dynamics at play. While the sector offers compelling upside if Trump maintains his protectionist stance, the Mexico deal negotiations prove that trade policy can change overnight, making position sizing and risk management more critical than stock selection.
Those who can navigate this volatility—with the right combination of sector exposure and downside protection—may find themselves riding one of the most explosive policy-driven rallies in years, or avoiding one of the most devastating reversals.